INTRODUCTION

Vedic mathematics is a system of mathematics consisting of a list of 16 basic sūtras, or aphorisms. They were presented by a Hindu scholar and mathematician, Bharati Krishna Tirthaji Maharaja, during the early part of the 20th century.

Tirthaji claimed that he found the sūtras after years of studying the Vedas, a set of sacred ancient Hindu texts. However, Vedas do not contain any of the "Vedic mathematics" sutras.

The calculation strategies provided by Vedic mathematics are said to be creative and useful, and can be applied in a number of ways to calculation methods in arithmetic and algebra, most notably within the education system. Some of its methods share similarities with the Trachtenberg system.

Types of Sutras 

  The Main Sutras

                                   

Sutra	Translation
	By one more than the one before.
	All from 9 and the last from 10.
	Vertically and Cross-wise
	Transpose and Apply
	If the Samuccaya is the Same it is Zero
	If One is in Ratio the Other is Zero
	By Addition and by Subtraction
	By the Completion or Non-Completion
	Differential Calculus
	By the Deficiency
	Specific and General
	The Remainders by the Last Digit
	The Ultimate and Twice the Penultimate
	By One Less than the One Before
	The Product of the Sums
	All the Multipliers

The Sub Sutras.

Sub Sutras	Translation
	Proportionately
	The Remainder Remains Constant
	The First by the First and the Last by the Last
	For 7 the Multiplicand is 143
	By Osculation
	Lessen by the Deficiency
	Whatever the Deficiency lessen by that amount and set up the Square of the Deficiency
	Last Totalling 10
	Only the Last Terms
	The Sum of the Products
	By Alternative Elimination and Retention
	By Mere Observation
	The Product of the Sums is the Sum of the Products
	On the Flag